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The project that gave rise to this chapter was aimed at identifying characteristics of innovative processes in the exporting companies of Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area (bma), as well as their internationalization processes. It should be noted that the study variables were selected according to the Oslo Manual. Thus, innovation was analyzed from different modalities: process, product, marketing, and organization. This research was framed within a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional approach over a period of ten years. A sample of 70 exporting manufacturing companies from the bma was selected. As a result, despite innovation was evidenced in all modalities, a decreasing trend was also evident during the study period (2006- 2015). These innovations are, however, only local and within the company and they do not impact internationalization processes since there are no significant increases in exports. It can be added that there are no changes in the low diversification of markets or in the concentration of exports to natural or psychologically close markets.

Business innovation --- internationalization --- innovation and internationalization --- exporting companies --- Bucaramanga

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Les zones urbaines représentent une grande partie de l'économie nationale. Elles affichent un PIB par habitant ainsi que des niveaux de productivité plus élevés que la moyenne nationale. Mais elles souffrent aussi de vastes poches de chômage et de pauvreté et doivent faire face aux phénomènes de congestion, pollution, ou insécurité. Le rapport examine comment les responsables de l'action publique sont amenés à repenser leurs stratégies et leurs politiques afin de permettre à ces « moteurs » de continuer de fonctionner de manière plus harmonieuse. L’ouvrage synthétise les résultats des examens métropolitains de l’OCDE. S’appuyant sur une base de données internationale sans équivalent de 78 régions métropoles, il donne des indications sur les performances des grandes villes dans leur contexte national. Le rapport aborde aussi des dilemmes cruciaux tels que cohésion sociale et compétitivité, relations entre niveaux de gouvernement et finances urbaines.    

Globalization. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement

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Globalization. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement

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Discusses the many facets of globalization and its feasible reform in easy-to-understand language.

Globalization. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement

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Globalization. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement